The Inquiry

The concept of the national museum which developed during the 18th and 19th Centuries coincided with the age of exploration, emerging science and empire building. The grand stone structures of these museums reflected a sense of national pride. They were places where members of the public could see specimens and artefacts representing other cultures from around the world.
But since those early days, the provenance of many collections has come under increased scrutiny. Today numerous artefacts taken or looted from different countries, often during times of war or occupation, are at the centre of repatriation disputes. The world has changed dramatically since the birth of the first national museums and what they represented, so can they stay relevant or have national museums had their day?
(Photo: A statue of an elephant with trunk up at the National Museum of Natural History, one of the Smithsonian Institution Museums in Washington DC. USA. Credit: BBC/Alex Segre/BBC Images)
Contributors:
Samuel J Redman, professor of history, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
Prof Dr Patricia Rahemipour, director, Institute for Museum Research, Berlin, Germany
Dr Julien Volper, curator, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
Dr Mathew Trinca, professor of museum practise, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Presenter: Charmaine Cozier
Producer: Jill Collins
Researcher: Evie Yabsley
Technical producer: Mitch Goodall
Production co-ordinator: Ellie Dover
Production management assistant: Liam Morrey
Editor: Tom Bigwood

In January 2027, a new Secretary-General will take the helm of the United Nations, an organisation founded on the principle of international cooperation. The role will involve navigating tensions between its most powerful members, while ensuring the UN can respond to global crises.
The organisation has struggled to influence negotiations in major conflicts, including in Ukraine, Gaza and Sudan. Meanwhile, US funding cuts and delays in contributions from major powers, alongside reductions in aid from major European countries, have added to the UN’s financial challenges.
The incoming Secretary-General will face pressure to build consensus among divided member states and maintain support for international cooperation.
What can the new Secretary-General achieve, and can one leader help the UN find common ground in an increasingly divided world?
Contributors
Teresa Whitfield, adjunct professor of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University and independent consultant, US
Sarah von Billerbeck, professor of International Relations at the University of Reading, UK
Daniel Forti, head of UN Affairs at the International Crisis Group, US
Dr Abiodun William, the former director of strategic planning at the United Nations, US
(Photo: United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres speaks during a press conference in Damascus, Syria. Credit: Rami Alsayed/NurPhoto/Getty Images)
Presenter: Tanya Beckett
Producer: Matt Toulson
Researcher: Evie Yabsley
Technical producer: Nicky Edwards
Production co-ordinator: Ellie Dover
Production management assistant: Tim Fernley

For decades Russia and Japan have been locked in a dispute over the Kuril Islands, which sit between Hokkaido in Northern Japan and Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula. At the end of World War Two, the island chain was annexed by the Soviet Union, who deported around 17,000 Japanese residents.
Japan claims four of the southernmost islands and refers to them as the Northern Territories. Attempts to resolve the dispute have made little progress so far. Then in August of this year, Russia’s President Putin visited the Kuril Islands for the first time since taking office. Japan’s Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi criticised the visit as “absolutely unacceptable”.
So, considering the current situation, is a deal on the Kuril Islands ever possible?
Our guest panel include Tessa Morris-Suzuki, professor emerita of Japanese history, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; John Nilsson-Wright, professor of Japanese politics and international relations of East Asia, Cambridge University, UK; James DJ Brown, professor of political science, Temple University, Tokyo, Japan, and Valérie Niquet, senior research fellow and director of the Japan programme, Foundation for Strategic Research, Paris, France.
(Photo: Kuril islands in Siberia, Russia in July, 1993. Credit: Francois Lochon/Gamma-Rapho)
Presenter: Charmaine Cozier
Producer: Jill Collins
Researcher: Evie Yabsley
Technical producer: Nicky Edwards
Production co-ordinator: Ellie Dover
Production management assistant: Tim Fernley
Editor: Tom Bigwood

The balance of power in the world is changing. The United States and China continue to be the dominant forces in international affairs, but other countries are looking for new ways to protect their interests and shape events on the global stage.
Countries often described as middle powers are seeking new ways to work together and exert influence.
Canada is one example. Prime Minister Mark Carney has argued that the old rules-based international order, shaped by US dominance, is changing. Canada is strengthening its ties with Europe, while countries in the Gulf and Indo-Pacific are also seeking new partnerships.
If middle powers can cooperate, they could have a greater role in shaping events beyond their borders. Are middle powers able to reshape the world?
Contributors:
Asa McKercher, associate professor in public policy and governance at St Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia, Canada
Imran Bayoumi, deputy director at the GeoStrategy Initiative at the Atlantic Council, Washington DC, US
Dr Amy Verdun, professor of political science at the University of Victoria, Canada
Esther Brimmer, senior fellow in global governance at the Council on Foreign Relations, Washington DC, US
(Photo: Prime Minister of Canada Mark Carney talks to media at the end of an EU - Canada Summit Credit: Thierry Monassey/Getty Images Europe)
Presenter: Tanya Beckett
Producer: Matt Toulson
Researcher: Evie Yabsley
Technical producer: Wayne Parkes
Production co-ordinator: Ellie Dover
Production management assistant: Tim Fernley
Editor: Tom Bigwood

Nepal is still reeling from the devastation caused by recent flash floods. More than a thousand people are reported to have lost their lives and thousands more are still missing. The physical impact is extensive with many hydropower stations, providing the country’s main source of energy, either damaged or destroyed. The floods have also severely impacted Nepal’s other major industries including tourism.
The concern now is that the billions of dollars required for Nepal to get back on its feet go way beyond its own resources. And reconstruction will mean elevating those measures required for monitoring and responding to future geological hazards and climate change. But right now, the country’s road to recovery appears long, costly and almost impossible. So just how can Nepal’s economy rebuild after floods?
Contributors:
Dr Neera Shrestha Pradhan, water and disaster risk reduction lead, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Patan, Nepal
Dr Dinesh Paudel, professor of sustainable development, Appalachian State University, North Carolina, USA
Dr Santosh Nepal, researcher in water resources and climate change, International Water Management Institute, Lalitpur, Nepal
Ritu Bharadwaj, director climate resilience, finance and loss & damage, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
(Photo: An aerial view of houses surrounded by mud, rocks and debris following flash floods in Betravati village, Rasuwa, Nepal. Credit: Ritesh Shukla/Stringer/Getty)
Presenter: Charmaine Cozier
Producer: Evie Yabsley and Jill Collins
Researcher: Amelia Cox
Technical producer: Mitch Goodall
Production co-ordinator: Ellie Dover
Production management assistant: Liam Morrey
Editor: Tom Bigwood