Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal

• Why Universal Skepticism Is Philosophy's Greatest Deception

  Today we are joined by philosopher Jennifer Nagel for a take-no-prisoners look at universal skepticism—philosophy’s greatest deception. We unpack why doubt itself is the ultimate illusion, how knowledge is primitive instant recognition, and what this means for self, free will & consciousness. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 01:28 The Nature of Knowledge 10:58 Philosophers and the Skeptical Mindset 16:57 Types of Skepticism 22:27 Exploring Knowledge Attribution 29:51 The Illusion of Knowledge 34:16 Knowing Without Knowing 38:10 Writing About Knowledge 46:10 Analyzing Knowledge 55:08 The Gettier Problem and Its Challenges 1:01:10 The Functionality of Knowledge 1:11:23 Collaborative Understanding of Knowledge 2:10:00 Understanding and Consciousness 2:26:32 Truth and Its Nature 2:32:16 Superposition and Contradictions 2:32:19 Conclusion Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: - Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction (book): https://www.amazon.com/Knowledge-Very-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/019966126X - Knowledge and its Limits (book): https://www.amazon.ca/Knowledge-its-Limits-Timothy-Williamson/dp/019925656X - Very Short Introductions (series): https://www.google.com/search?q=a+very+short+introduction+to+series&sca_esv=3da4db664be6b3a1&ei=ypX6Z6flHsDniLMP2v2QkQk&ved=0ahUKEwin8oSB9tKMAxXAM2IAHdo-JJIQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=a+very+short+introduction+to+series&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiI2EgdmVyeSBzaG9ydCBpbnRyb2R1Y3Rpb24gdG8gc2VyaWVzMgUQABiABDILEAAYgAQYhgMYigUyCxAAGIAEGIYDGIoFMgsQABiABBiGAxiKBTIIEAAYogQYiQUyCBAAGIAEGKIEMggQABiABBiiBDIFEAAY7wVIqBRQxAtYwBBwAXgAkAEAmAFZoAGtAqoBATS4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgSgAocCwgIKEAAYsAMY1gQYR8ICDRAuGIAEGLADGEMYigXCAg0QABiABBiwAxhDGIoFwgIPEAAYgAQYQxiKBRhGGPsBwgIbEAAYgAQYQxiKBRhGGPsBGJcFGIwFGN0E2AEBwgIGEAAYBxgemAMAiAYBkAYKugYGCAEQARgTkgcBNKAHph6yBwEzuAf_AQ&sclient=gws-wiz-serp#wgvs=e - Time: A Very Short Introduction (book): https://www.amazon.ca/Time-Short-Introduction-Jenann-Ismael/dp/0198832664 - Laplace meets Godel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZB3tS7j7nNU - Flexible Goals (paper): https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cogs.13195 - The Legend of the Justified True Belief Analysis (paper): https://philpapers.org/archive/DUTTLO-3.pdf - Lay Denial of Knowledge for Justified True Beliefs (paper): https://philpapers.org/archive/NAGLDO - TOE’s Consciousness Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDjnEiys98o - Matt Segal on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeTm4fSXpbM - Curt reads Plato’s Cave: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PurNlwnxwfY - David Bentley Hart on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEAgVvW9i10 - Donald Hoffman on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmieNQH7Q4w&t=1s - Iain McGilchrist on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-SgOwc6Pe4&t=6326s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal - Geoffrey Hinton on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_DUft-BdIE - John Vervaeke on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVj1KYGyesI&t=1s - Wolfgang Smith on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vp18_L_y_30 - Polymath’s Ai panel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abzXzPBW4_s - Donald Hoffman and Philip Goff on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmaIBxkqcT4 - Robert Sapolsky on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0IqA1hYKY8&pp=ygUUY3VydCByb2JlcnQgc2Fwb2xza3k%3D - Curt debunks the “all possible paths” myth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcY3ZtgYis0&t=46s Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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  2:47:17
• Debunking the “All Possible Paths” Myth: What Feynman Really Showed

  Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Links Mentioned: - Original Substack article: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/particles-dont-take-all-possible - Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/the-interpretations-of-quantum-mechanics?utm_source=publication-search - Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrUvtqr4wOs - Tim Maudlin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU1bs5o3nss - Sean Carroll on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AoRxtYZrZo - Eva Miranda on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XyMepn-AZo - Mithuna’s channel: https://www.youtube.com/@LookingGlassUniverse - Mithuna Yoganathan on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2ct0zv_M-I - Defining light (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/well-technically - What is energy, actually? (article): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/what-is-energy-actually - TOE’s String Theory Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4PdPnQuwjY - Paper on Bell’s Theorem: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.17521 - Veritasium’s YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/@veritasium Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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  15:09
• The "All At Once" Universe Shatters Our View of Time

  Today we are joined by physicist and philosopher Emily Adlam for her first appearance on Theories of Everything to challenge one of the deepest assumptions in science: that time flows. In this thought-provoking conversation, Adlam presents her “all-at-once” view of physics, where the universe is more like a completed Sudoku puzzle than a film playing forward. We explore the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, the role of the observer, the illusion of causality, and why these foundational questions demand both philosophical clarity and scientific precision. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠Emily’s profile: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emily-Adlam •⁠ ⁠Spooky Action at a Temporal Distance (paper): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7512241/pdf/entropy-20-00041.pdf •⁠ ⁠Quantum Field Theory and the Limits of Reductionism (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.20457 •⁠ ⁠Two Roads of Retrocausality (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.12934 •⁠ ⁠Taxonomy for Physics Beyond Quantum Mechanics (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.12293 •⁠ ⁠Strong Determinism (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.02886 •⁠ ⁠Carlo Rovelli on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF4SAketEHY •⁠ ⁠Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YRlQQw0d-4 •⁠ ⁠Emily interviewed about Nonlocality: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iR7aPlZg7dE&ab_channel=GeorgeMusser •⁠ ⁠Tim Palmer on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlklA6jsS8A •⁠ ⁠Tim Maudlin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU1bs5o3nss •⁠ ⁠Algorithmic Randomness and Probabilistic Laws (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.01411 •⁠ ⁠Governing Without a Fundamental Direction of Time (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.09226 •⁠ ⁠Matt Segal on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeTm4fSXpbM •⁠ ⁠Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlN6E8KrxcYCWQIHg2tfkqvR&index=33 •⁠ ⁠Sabine Hossenfelder on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3y-Z0pgupg&t=1s •⁠ ⁠Bernardo Kastrup and Sabine on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJmBmopxc1k&t=755s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal •⁠ ⁠Sean Carroll on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AoRxtYZrZo Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 00:56 Observers in Quantum Mechanics 02:15 The Measurement Problem 06:23 Dogmas in Quantum Foundations 08:24 Causation and Its Philosophical Implications 09:12 The Arrow of Time and Its Mysteries 10:28 Exploring Coarse Graining and Reductionism 13:21 Non-Locality: Temporal vs. Spatial 16:06 The Nature of Non-Locality 19:34 Temporal Non-Locality and Its Implications 21:51 Retrocausality: The All-at-Once Perspective 26:25 The Measurement Problem and All-at-Once Framework 28:24 Observer-Centric Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics 31:29 Probabilities in Physics 32:51 The Process Matrix and Causal Structures 38:33 Foundations of Physics and Philosophy 1:05:16 The Emergence of Space-Time 1:08:11 Exploring Correlations in Physical Parameters 1:10:44 Epistemology of the Measurement Problem 1:13:26 Lessons in Patience and Persistence Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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  1:26:25
• The Theory of Gravity That Shouldn't Exist

  Head on over to https://ver.so and use coupon code TOE at checkout to save 15% on your first order. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Today we are joined by theoretical physicist Claudia de Rham for her return appearance on Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal to discuss the possibility that gravity itself has mass. In this mind-bending conversation, she explores how this idea challenges long-held assumptions in general relativity and opens the door to a new understanding of dark energy and the structure of the universe. We also dive into the frontiers of cosmology, quantum gravity, and what it means to question the foundations of physics. Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠The Beauty of Falling (Claudia’s book): https://amzn.to/4i4Z9cx •⁠ ⁠Claudia’s published papers: https://profiles.imperial.ac.uk/c.de-rham/publications •⁠ ⁠Claudia’s first appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve_Mpd6dGv8&t=83s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal •⁠ ⁠Carlo Rovelli on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF4SAketEHY •⁠ ⁠Curt’s Substack article on energy: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com/p/what-is-energy-actually •⁠ ⁠Neil Turok on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUp9x44N3uE •⁠ ⁠Tim Palmer on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlklA6jsS8A •⁠ ⁠DESI article on The Economist: https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2024/06/19/the-dominant-model-of-the-universe-is-creaking •⁠ ⁠String Theory Iceberg on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4PdPnQuwjY •⁠ ⁠Leonard Susskind on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p_Hlm6aCok •⁠ ⁠Chiara Marletto and Vlatko Vedral on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uey_mUy1vN0 •⁠ ⁠TOE’s telling of “The Dark History of Anti-Gravity”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBA3RUxkZdc •⁠ ⁠Positive Signs in Massive Gravity (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.04068 Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction 01:20 - Claudia's Approach 09:11 - Claudia's Motivation 14:45 - Dark Energy 23:35 - Causality 27:19 - Other Approaches 45:10 - New Physics 50:47 - Dark Energy (continued) 57:36 - Quantum Gravity / String Theory 01:14:10 - Gravitons & Photons 01:21:44 - Symmetry 01:30:25 - Double Slit Experiment 01:50:15 - Cosmology 01:54:45 - Massive Graviton 02:00:10 - Conclusion Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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  2:10:32
• How AI Healthcare Will Change the World

  As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe What if you had a thousand doctors working for you 24/7, at virtually no cost? In this episode of Theories of Everything, a panel of leading AI and medical experts explores how “medical swarms” of intelligent agents could revolutionize healthcare, making personalized, concierge-level treatment accessible to all. This isn’t science fiction, it’s the near future and it will change everyone’s life. Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠Ekkolapto: https://www.ekkolapto.org/polymath •⁠ ⁠Ekkolapto’s Longevity Hackathon: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLy5dPSW_KkniuHpoLwlzkYcxhxn50Mn0T •⁠ ⁠William Hahn’s lab: https://mpcrlab.com/ •⁠ ⁠Michael Levin’s presentation at ekkolapto: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Exdz2HKP7u0 •⁠ ⁠Gil Blander’s InsideTracker (website): https://blog.insidetracker.com/ •⁠ ⁠Dan Elton’s website: https://www.moreisdifferent.com/ •⁠ ⁠FAU’s Sandbox: https://www.fau.edu/sandbox/ •⁠ ⁠Will Hahn on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr4R7eh5f_M&t=1s •⁠ ⁠Will Hahn’s in-person interview on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fkg0uTA3qU •⁠ ⁠Michael Levin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8iFtaltX-s •⁠ ⁠Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YRlQQw0d-4 •⁠ ⁠Neil Turok’s lecture on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gwhqmPqRl4&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlOYgTu7P4nfjYkv3mkikyBa&index=13 •⁠ ⁠Robin Hanson on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEomfUU4PDs •⁠ Tyler Goldstein (YouTube): http://www.youtube.com/@theoryofeveryone GO TO THIS MAN'S YOUTUBE CHANNEL. HE HELPED WITH THE CAMERA WORK IMPROMPTU AND ALSO HAS A FANTASTIC CHANNEL ANALYZING THEORIES. THANK YOU, TYLER! •⁠ ⁠Joscha Bach on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MNBxfrmfmI •⁠ ⁠Manolis Kellis on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g56lxZwnaqg •⁠ ⁠Geoffrey Hinton on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_DUft-BdIE Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 4:43 A New Approach to Healthcare 5:33 AI in Medical Imaging 7:40 Cognitive Models 11:09 Education in Medicine 23:02 Exploring the Boundaries of AI 32:04 The Future of AI in Medicine 37:20 Swarming Agents 41:49 The Ethics of AI in Healthcare 45:17 AI into Clinical Practice 55:58 Preparing for an AI-Driven Future 1:15:03 The Human Element in Medicine 1:17:19 Emotional Intelligence in AI 1:20:11 Unified Theory in Medicine 1:21:31 Conclusion Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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  1:28:53

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