Into the Impossible With Brian Keating

Get My NEW Book: Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FN8DH6SX Andrew Jaffe Book: The Random Universe: https://www.amazon.com/Random-Universe-Models-Probability-Cosmos/dp/0300250509 Is the universe intrinsically random? In this conversation, we dive deep into why the universe may be fundamentally, intrinsically random. Whether inflation on life support, the truth behind the Hubble tension, and whether cosmology is approaching the event horizon, limits beyond which humans can never know. Today we're joined by one of the architects of modern cosmological inference, Professor Andrew Jaffee, author of a new book called The Random Universe that argues that every observation in science is shaped by the models we bring to it, biases and all. KEY TAKEAWAYS 00:00–01:13 — Science and life rely on building models. 01:13–03:35 — Models of people and reality are often wrong and revised. 04:04–06:01 — Observation depends on prior theories. 06:01–07:32 — Models can’t be escaped, only improved. 07:32–08:57 — No single scientific method exists. 08:57–11:25 — Science uses induction, not pure proof. 11:25–13:22 — Induction isn’t certain, only probabilistic. 13:22–15:36 — Induction works because nature is regular. 17:44–19:08 — Big Bang emerges from well-tested models. 19:08–21:15 — Current cosmology is stressed, not broken. 29:19–30:36 — Probability gives meaning to models. 39:45–41:11 — Randomness often reflects limited knowledge. 43:46–45:00 — Quantum physics is fundamentally probabilistic. 49:09–50:04 — Inflation awaits decisive observational tests. - Additional resources: Get My NEW Book: Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FN8DH6SX?ref_=pe_93986420_775043100 Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥 - Join this channel to get access to perks like monthly Office Hours: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join 📚 Get a copy of my books: Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un 📺 Watch my most popular videos:📺 Neil Turok https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dt5cFLN65fI Frank Wilczek https://youtu.be/3z8RqKMQHe0?sub_confirmation=1 Eric Weinstein vs. Stephen Wolfram https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI0AZ4Y4Ip4?sub_confirmation=1 Sir Roger Penrose: https://youtu.be/AMuqyAvX7Wo Sabine Hossenfelder: https://youtu.be/g00ilS6tBvs Avi Loeb: https://youtu.be/N9lUceHsLRw Follow me to ask questions of my guests: 🏄‍♂️ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrBrianKeating 🔔 Subscribe https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1 📝 Join my mailing list; just click here http://briankeating.com/list ✍️ Detailed Blog posts here: https://briankeating.com/blog 🎙️ Listen on audio-only platforms: https://briankeating.com/podcast #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating #AndrewJaffe Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Win a $100 Amazon Gift Card! Help me help you get great guests on the Into the Impossible podcast and spread the message throughout the universe. Fill out this listener survey: https://forms.gle/EUKzyE2ZqXDYJ2F47 Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥 --- Enjoy this classic episode from the vault: Max Tegmark & Eric Weinstein, New Years Eve 2020! Brian Keating brings together two thought leaders at the edge of physics and philosophy: Max Tegmark, physicist, cosmologist, and pioneer at MIT, and Eric Weinstein, mathematician, economist, and creator of Geometric Unity. Timestamps: 00:00 "Ambitions in AI, Physics, News" 16:58 "Emergent Reality from Proto-Spacetime" 22:50 "Rethinking Unification in Physics" 36:09 "Value of Disagreeable Individualism" 45:32 "Optimism for Academia Careers" 01:04:08 "Dangers of Oversimplifying Physics" 01:07:34 "On Success, Science, and Wonder" 01:18:47 "Funding and Advancing Physics Research" 01:30:28 "Perspective on Science and Society" 01:43:13 "Three Types of Scientific Experiments" 01:52:05 "Collaboration and Discovery in Science" 02:02:20 "The Messiness of Scientific Truth" 02:13:08 "Simulation, AI, and Ethics" 02:20:55 "Limits of Technology in Cosmos" --- Join this channel to get access to perks like monthly Office Hours: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join 📚 Get my books: Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with productivity tips from 9 Nobel Prize winners: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life-changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un Follow me to ask questions of my guests: 🏄‍♂️ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrBrianKeating 🔔 Subscribe https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1 📝 Join my mailing list; just click here http://briankeating.com/list ✍️ Detailed Blog posts here: https://briankeating.com/blog 🎙️ Listen on audio-only platforms: https://briankeating.com/podcast #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Answer my survey to get a chance to win a $100 Amazon Gift Card! 👉 https://forms.gle/uWgVRCf3BC2xxR2Y7 Please join my mailing list to get FREE notes & resources from this show! Click 👉 http://briankeating.com/yt Will AI solve future math proofs? Every time you type a password, buy something online, or send an encrypted message, you’re trusting an assumption about prime numbers: that they don’t hide an exploitable pattern. Modern cryptography depends on primes behaving “randomly enough,” yet many fundamental questions about primes remain unproven. In this episode, I’m joined by Fields Medalist Terence Tao to explore what mathematicians can prove, what they strongly suspect, and what could change if unexpected structure appeared in the primes. We discuss pseudorandomness and why it matters for encryption, the twin prime conjecture, and how quantum computing reshapes what is feasible in computation and security. We also get into AI and mathematics: why large language models can sound convincing even when unreliable, how AI can help with idea generation and literature recall, and why verification and proof assistants will matter if AI is to contribute to real mathematical progress. Along the way, Tao explains proof techniques like proof by contradiction, why complex numbers and the square root of minus one are so central, and how high-dimensional geometry breaks low-dimensional intuition. Finally, Tao shares a real-world example of how math breakthroughs translate into technology: compressed sensing, which has enabled much faster MRI scans by reconstructing images from far less data. Timestamps: 00:00 Discrepancy Theory Explained 09:35 Induction: Science and Mathematics 14:38 "Proof Concept Through Play" 18:43 "Complex Numbers and Completeness" 25:36 Prime Numbers and Cryptography 29:51 "Computability and Complexity in Mathematics" 35:04 AI Discovers New Knot Theory Insights 42:02 "Elegance in Nature's Laws" 47:12 "AI as Complementary Research Tools" 51:27 "Humility in Pursuit of Proofs" 54:46 "Multiple Approaches to Mathematics" 01:03:04 Rethinking Reality and Physics 01:07:14 "Origins of Compressed Sensing" 01:10:17 "Shannon Bound and Information Limits" Follow Terry's Blog: https://terrytao.wordpress.com/ Get My NEW Book: Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U - Join this channel to get access to perks like monthly Office Hours: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA Follow me to ask questions of my guests: 🏄‍♂️ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrBrianKeating 🔔 Subscribe https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1 📝 Join my mailing list; just click here http://briankeating.com/list ✍️ Detailed Blog posts here: https://briankeating.com/blog 🎙️ Listen on audio-only platforms: https://briankeating.com/podcast #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating #terrencetao Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥 From the electrifying environment of high-speed particle collisions to the challenge of sifting signals from heaps of experimental noise, you'll hear how Prof Whiteson and his team are pushing boundaries. They discuss bold new algorithms capable of spotting non-standard tracks—think wild trajectories that defy classical expectations and could reveal surprises nature has kept hidden. Practical questions about detector design, efficiency, and even the mathematics of “smooth” particle paths make for a rich, dynamic dialogue. If you’re curious about how physicists ask the universe its most challenging questions, the frustrations and breakthroughs of innovation, and the fascinating interplay between theory and experiment, this episode will take you to the front lines of discovery. Plus, hear how machine learning might help us find not just the next weird particle, but perhaps the next Nobel-worthy revelation. Get ready for a fascinating journey into the impossible! Daniel Whiteson is a physicist whose research spans a wide range of topics at UC Irvine. By day, he works on the ATLAS experiment, one of the major physics collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider, where he contributes to Higgs boson precision measurements and develops advanced techniques in machine learning, data acquisition, and trigger systems. His research group is known for applying machine learning innovations to physics problems, including projects beyond ATLAS—like using approximate symmetries or jet pattern matching. Recently, his team has been focused on machine learning projects to identify unusual particle tracks, always pushing the frontier between physics and data science. Timestamps: 00:00 Revisiting Discovery with New Tools 04:43 Particle Tracking Constraints Explained 06:56 Challenges in Non-Helical Track Detection 10:29 Non-Helical Tracks and Dark QCD 14:38 "Track Reconstruction and Efficiency" 18:43 Quirk Detection and Reconstruction" 23:27 Testing Generalization Beyond Memorization 25:23 Quirk Tracks and Overlap Analysis 30:36 "Smooth Paths and Signal Control" 31:17 "Training Pipeline on Weird Tracks" 35:55 Filtering Standard Model Tracks 38:24 "Challenges in Parameter Optimization" 43:15 "Neural Networks Learn Complex Mappings" 44:38 "Machine Learning for Track Detection" - Join this channel to get access to perks like monthly Office Hours: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join 📚 Get my books: Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with productivity tips from 9 Nobel Prize winners: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life-changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un Follow me to ask questions of my guests: 🏄‍♂️ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrBrianKeating 🔔 Subscribe https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1 📝 Join my mailing list; just click here http://briankeating.com/list ✍️ Detailed Blog posts here: https://briankeating.com/blog 🎙️ Listen on audio-only platforms: https://briankeating.com/podcast #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Brian Keating sits down with Matt Gray for a wide-ranging, thoughtful, and entertaining conversation that explores the intersection of cosmology, philosophy, and mysticism. Together, they tackle some of the universe’s biggest mysteries—from the origins of the cosmos and the mechanics of the Big Bang, to the challenges and philosophy behind scientific discovery. Timestamps: 00:00 "Science, Nobel Near-Miss, and Humor" 07:26 "Passion for Science and Sharing" 12:00 "Chasing a Nobel-Worthy Discovery" 20:42 Limits of Scientific Falsifiability 22:18 "Origins and Concepts of Cosmology" 32:28 "Galileo, Einstein, and Scientific Progress" 34:16 "Nobel Prizes and Collaboration Challenges" 38:58 "Galactic Dust and Panspermia" 48:15 Agnostic vs. Atheist Questioning 51:44 John Lennox: Faith, Science, and Scripture 58:35 Equations, God, and Belief Dynamics 01:03:12 Belief Nuances and Perspectives 01:06:07 Maxwell's Ether and Light Waves - Join this channel to get access to perks like monthly Office Hours: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join 📚 Get my books: Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with productivity tips from 9 Nobel Prize winners: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life-changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un Follow me to ask questions of my guests: 🏄‍♂️ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrBrianKeating 🔔 Subscribe https://www.youtube.com/DrBrianKeating?sub_confirmation=1 📝 Join my mailing list; just click here http://briankeating.com/list ✍️ Detailed Blog posts here: https://briankeating.com/blog 🎙️ Listen on audio-only platforms: https://briankeating.com/podcast #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices